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Varicella-Zoster Virus (Zona Virus)

on May 25, 2021

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What Is Melanoma?

on May 21, 2021

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What Is Furosemide?

on May 21, 2021

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What Is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

on May 21, 2021

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Varicella-Zoster Virus (Zona Virus)

I. Introduction Pathogensis of varicella zoster virus Varicella-zoster virus ( VZV ) is a ubiquitous human which causes varicella ( chickenpox ) and herpes zoster ( shingles ). It is a common childhood illness associated with fever and a generalized pruritic vesicular rash. VZV establishes latency in cells of the dorsal root ganglia after primary infection. Herpes zoster is a localized, painful, vesicular rash involving one or adjacent dermatomes and caused by VZV reactivation. The incidence of herpes zoster increases with age or immunosuppression. Varicella lesions are scattered, whereas zoster lesions are localized. II. Epidemiology VZV is found in worldwide geographic distribution, but annual epidemics are more prevalent in temperate climates, occurring most often during late winter and spring. Varicella is a less common childhood disease in tropical areas. Herpes zoster occurs only in individuals who have had primary VZV infection. Most cases of herpes zoster occur in individ...

What Is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

I. Definition : Irritable syndrome is a functional bowel disorder that most patients who come to the hospital complaining about abdominal pain or discomfort in the absence of detectable abnormality in the body. Throughout the world, around 10 to 20% of adults and adolescents have symptoms consistent with IBS ( Irritable bowel syndrome) and mostly affects the only female. IBS can be confused with other functional disorders such as fibromyalgia , headache, backache, and genitourinary symptoms. Diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome Recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort at least 3 days per month in the last 3 months and can be associated with 2 or more of the following : 1/. Improvement with defecation 2/. Changes in frequency of stool 3/. Change in the form ( appearance ) of stool II. Clinical findings : Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) affects all ages, most of the patients have the symptoms before age 45. Women are diagnosed with IBS...

What Is Acute Otitis Media(AOM) ?

I. Definition Acute otitis media (AOM) is primarily an infection of childhood and is also the most common infection in pediatric hospitals. Acute otitis media is an acute, suppurative infectious that is located in the lining of the middle ear space. The infection can render the function of the Eustachian tube, resulting in the retention and suppuration of retained secretions. AOM usually responds promptly to antimicrobial therapy. II. Epidemiology of acute otitis media Acute otitis media (AOM) occurs much more commonly in children than in adults. Most cases of AOM occur in young children ages 6 to 24 months. The number of AOM is decreasing due to the introduction of routine pneumococcal vaccination in infants. III. Microbiology The majority of the microbiology of acute otitis media is bacterial pathogens( Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae , with Moraxella catarrhalis the third most common bacterial etiology...

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