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Varicella-Zoster Virus (Zona Virus)

on May 25, 2021

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What Is Melanoma?

on May 21, 2021

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What Is Furosemide?

on May 21, 2021

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What Is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

on May 21, 2021

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Varicella-Zoster Virus (Zona Virus)

I. Introduction Pathogensis of varicella zoster virus Varicella-zoster virus ( VZV ) is a ubiquitous human which causes varicella ( chickenpox ) and herpes zoster ( shingles ). It is a common childhood illness associated with fever and a generalized pruritic vesicular rash. VZV establishes latency in cells of the dorsal root ganglia after primary infection. Herpes zoster is a localized, painful, vesicular rash involving one or adjacent dermatomes and caused by VZV reactivation. The incidence of herpes zoster increases with age or immunosuppression. Varicella lesions are scattered, whereas zoster lesions are localized. II. Epidemiology VZV is found in worldwide geographic distribution, but annual epidemics are more prevalent in temperate climates, occurring most often during late winter and spring. Varicella is a less common childhood disease in tropical areas. Herpes zoster occurs only in individuals who have had primary VZV infection. Most cases of herpes zoster occur in individuals

What Is Acute Otitis Media(AOM) ?

I. Definition Acute otitis media (AOM) is primarily an infection of childhood and is also the most common infection in pediatric hospitals. Acute otitis media is an acute, suppurative infectious that is located in the lining of the middle ear space. The infection can render the function of the Eustachian tube, resulting in the retention and suppuration of retained secretions. AOM usually responds promptly to antimicrobial therapy. II. Epidemiology of acute otitis media Acute otitis media (AOM) occurs much more commonly in children than in adults. Most cases of AOM occur in young children ages 6 to 24 months. The number of AOM is decreasing due to the introduction of routine pneumococcal vaccination in infants. III. Microbiology The majority of the microbiology of acute otitis media is bacterial pathogens( Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae , with Moraxella catarrhalis the third most common bacterial etiology. Streptococcus pneumoniae : one of th

What Is Furosemide?

I . Pharmacologic Category – Antihypertensive, Diuretic,Loop II. Posology Furosemide 40 mg = bumetanide 1 mg = torsemide 20mg Ascites, Cirrhosis : – Could use a combination with spironolactone. Spironolactone 100mg to furosemide 40 mg. – Oral: initial 40mg once daily, maximum dose: 160mg once daily, for small volume ascites and weight less than 50 kg, some experts recommend a starting dose of 20mg once daily. Edema ( pulmonary, or peripheral edema ) – Naive to loop diuretics: Oral or IV initial dose 20 to 40 mg once then titrate as needed to an effective dose. – Refractory edema or acute decompensation in patients taking oral diuretics: IV bolus /intermittent dosing: initial 1 to 2.5 times the total daily oral maintenance dose once can be given 80 mg to 200 mg IV as an initial bolus) – Continuous infusion : eGFR ≥ 30 ml /mn/1.73 m² : IV initial 5 mg/h , if not adequate, repeat IV bolus and increased continuous infusion to 10mg/h, continue to bolus and titrate infusion as needed u

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